Back in the 14th century, the then Popes, located in Avignon, assigned to the Dominicans the task of seeking out heretics, and having the local authorities dispatch them accordingly. Now just what was heresy? It was what the Pope and/or the Dominicans assigned to the process decided it to be.
A classic case was that of the Franciscans who believed in poverty. And they further believed that Jesus had no property and was reliant upon the kindness of strangers. For the Franciscans they vowed poverty, chastity and obedience. The latter could according to Francis be excused at times if one's belief was contrary to the commands. Whereas poverty and chastity were difficult to exempt from. This caused a problem with the Pope, especially, since he lived in extreme elegance surrounded by excessive riches.
The Franciscans were considered heretics by the Dominicans in accord with the ten Pope John XXII, legal scholar, not a theologian, and one consumed by riches.
Along comes Ockham, and argues the case for his order. Then along comes the Pope and accuses Ockham of heresy, punishable by death. Ockham escapes and hides out in Munich under the protection of the local King,
Segue to now. Disinformation is changed from heresy and the Dominicans and Popes are found in select groups reporting to political pontiffs. It was Ockham who set the ball rolling but it would take 200 years for Luther and his political allies to get it full speed.
One wonders if there will be a 21st century Ockham and a 23rd century Luther. Just a thought.
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