Alan Turing in one of his last if not last papers presented a theory to explain patterns in plants and animals.
Take one of my hybrids as above. Why the red then white then yellow? Are not all the genes the same? Don't gene control everything. Then there are zebras, and calico cats. Some folks see them as different. Calico cats are all female and it appears that color of fur is determine on X chromosomes and across the cat the chromosomes are switched on and off, but in a patter, not randomly. That is an epigenetic effect. Zebras do not seem to be since there are male zebras.
Now the NY Times discuses some Chinese work on desalination. This work is described in Science. Some ten years or so ago I wrote a paper using Turing to explain flower colors and patterns. At the time many in the field were shall we say clueless. How could this explain patterns. Well it does, very nicely and it actually works
The above is an example as is the following:
Now this led to cancer modelling and the same approached of Turing can readily explain metastatic behavior. So we have an understanding that deals with desalination, zebra stripes, flower patterns and malignant cells.
This leads to the conclusion that the prepared mind can make the connections and then apply them.